Theories -- Systems theory, Cybernetics, Information theory

🎀 Highlights

System Theory — Ludwig von Bertalanffy Cybernetics — Norbert Wiener Information Theory — Claude Shannon

the 3 major theories of modern science and technology in the twentieth century.

System Theory is the abstraction of objects. The core of system theory is to study things as a whole or as a system and use mathematical models to describe and determine

system is composed of several

system is composed of several parts that interact and depend on each other,

Ludwig von Bertalanffy clearly encourages us to see things from

It indicates that the function of complex objects is far greater than the simple sum of all objects in a causal chain.

Ludwig von Bertalanffy clearly encourages us to see things from the system, dynamic and hierarchical view.

System = Multiple parts + Interdependencies + unique purpose of the whole system The system must be composed of multiple parts.

Each part must be mutually dependent, and a separate part cannot exert its value independently. The integration of all parts has a purpose.

System Thinking = Deep Thinking + Overall Thinking+ Dynamic Thinking

Deep Thinking — Find the core problems Overall Thinking — Understand the overall situation of the problem Dynamic Thinking — Find out the dynamic changes under each condition

Information theory describes the general laws in information transmission and information processing systems.

The historical process of information 1st information technology revolution — Language, writing, documents 2nd information technology revolution — Papermaking and printing technology 3rd information technology revolution — The invention of the telegraph, the telephone, television, and other communication technologies 4th information technology information — The application of electronic computers and modern communication technology

In the process of information transmission, there is often uncertainty. The reason for the uncertainty is because of interference.

the discernible state of the source Natural Interference — It occurs in the natural transmission of the signal or some external factors affect the distinguishable state Subjective Interference — It occurs in the process of receiving the

Control Interference — It occurs during the discernible state of the source Natural Interference — It occurs in the natural transmission of the signal or some external factors affect the distinguishable state Subjective Interference — It occurs in the process of receiving the signal

Cybernetics is the theory of self-​controlling systems, which is based on the concept of “feedback” to control the future behavior of a system through information about its past performance.